Key terrain army. Using tools to find terrain features.

Key terrain army Soviet SAM Effective Ranges. This can be augmented by physical evidence of the remains of the battle that still exist in the cultural landscape. The AWG, formerly headquartered at Fort Meade, Maryland, had training - Terrain Analysis: Obstacles, Avenues of Approach, Key Terrain, Observation and Fields of Fire, Cover and Concealment (OAKOC). U. Evaluate the other four aspects of military terrain Credible military history and science. Identifying and securing key terrain is a critical aspect of military operations. There is no prescribed symbology in MIL-STD-2525D; but doctrinally, they are identified with an encircled K n or D n, where n is the numeric designation of that point (i. The leader organizes the main body to halt, defeat, and ultimately destroy attacking enemy In particular, the Space Force could modify the service’s doctrine on key terrain to use common language and integrated processes with the joint force. Another section provides a case study of the Gettysburg Campaign. Concealment and Cover Obstacles Key Terrain Avenues Lines of communication can be militarily key terrain, and their possession can decide operational success or failure. This paper The Geospatial Information Library focuses on physical geography, terrain analysis and military hydrology, and provides support to all authorized Army, DoD, and other government organizations. Army defi nes key terrain as “any locality or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant” [3]. Avenues of Approach. The JIPOE defines key terrain as Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either force. MCRP 12-10B. This work is a conceptual analysis that examines the applicability of key terrain in the cyber domain. Two factors can render an area key terrain: how a commander wants to use it, and whether his enemy can use it to defeat the commander’s forces. It is important to define key terrain and the process for identifying it in the physical domain. Figure 7-5. 5. 5 A second initial finding is the general lack of recognition of the metaphorical quality of the concept of cyber key terrain in most considerations of the topic. IBOLC is key terrain for the Infantry Branch. The metaphorical Contesting Key Terrain: Urban Conflict in Smart Cities of the Future Maxim Kovalsky Lieutenant Colonel Robert J. Militaries must adapt and learn new ways of thinking (c) The terrain model should depict key terrain, friendly control measures, and enemy dispositions. Terrain Template. Army’s MDO doctrine explores the role of land forces in maritime environments, emphasizing the need for integrated planning, the critical nature of land areas in a maritime environment, and the determinative outcomes only Which of the following is a reason the People's Liberation Army Army (PLAA) conduct a defense? Retain key positions or terrain Destroy enemy forces in detail Seize key terrain. 8 5. The goal is to determine if these established armies analyze terrain and identify significant terrain features at the operational level of war. We also provide information about how China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea are shaping the strategic environment that frames the conduct of these activities. Key terrain is an area or locality in which the seizure or control will afford a marked advantage to threat or friendly units. A prominent geographic feature—a mountain, a canyon, a swift river— that represented key battlefield terrain hundreds of years ago is likely to remain key terrain today. 2025 Military Pay Scale Military Ranks U. key terrain synonyms, key terrain pronunciation, key terrain translation, English dictionary definition of key terrain. Key Terrain change based on an operation's objectives and the capabilities of the unit carrying out the operation. Although land navigation and its many components, such as terrain associa-tion and dead reckoning, are considered by the Army to be critical skills, very In its original form, the terrain model developed by the Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers (nov the Defense -Observation: Ability to see the threat either visually or through surveillance devices. •These locations are well suited for an initial stage setting stand with the “big picture” and transition to the site. Specific terrain types are defined, such as forests classified by tree DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 11 July 1990 Terrain Analysis Preface SCOPE Terrain analysis, an integral part of the intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB), plays a key role in any military operation. See also vital ground. Key terrain might include a hill that overlooks a valley an enemy wants to control or a crossing point over a river that must be traversed before launching an attack. avenues of approach. We use the acronym OAKOC for terrain analysis. hindering. swamps. They provide a base for Key terrain in airspace analysis is any terrain feature which allows air defense. ” Applegate et al (2017) have defined key terrain as any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of will provide a marked advantage to either The terrain should be analyzed for observation and fields of fire, cover and concealment, obstacles, key terrain, and avenues of approach. The recognition that cyberspace is a domain for military operations [1] has led to investigation of what constitutes key cyber terrain – “those physical and logical elements of the domain that Depth strategy, key cyber terrain includes “ physical and logical infrastructure and mission data ” [12]. In military doctrine, key terrain refers to areas which, if seized, afford an advantage to an attacker or defender. Not only does every infantry platoon leader pass through this pipeline, but so does every future infantry company commander, field grade staff officer, battalion commander, and brigade commander. makes no mention of the concept of “key terrain. OAKOC is defined as Observation and Fields of fire, Avenues of approach, Key terrain, Obstacles and movement, Cover and concealment rarely. Offensive operations are also undertaken to secure key terrain, to gain information, to deprive the enemy Providing for the common defense is at the heart of the U. The terrain may be any of the features listed earlier, but it is the context that really The purpose of offensive operations is to defeat, destroy, or neutralize an enemy force. The U. While key terrain is just one factor, the other four combine to make a Army prepared to take on the 'key terrain' of cyber by investing in talent, capabilities. In 217 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal was deep in Roman territory in central Italy. OAKOC stands for Observation and Fields of fire, Avenues of approach, Key terrain, Obstacles and movement, Cover and concealment. Retain key positions or terrain. Traditionally, it is purple (to differentiate from the rest of the around seizing, clearing, and retaining key terrain. Dictionary of Military and Key terrain - definition of key terrain by Another key terrain feature that military leaders should be able to identify is man-made structures, such as buildings, roads, bridges, and fortifications. The intent of this section is to Commanders analyze terrain using the five military aspects of terrain, observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key and decisive terrain, obstacles, cover and concealment . (factors that deny or limit observations include cover/concealment) -Fields of Fire: the area that a weapon or group of weapons can cover with fire from a given position. These systems include cutting-edge, Man-In-The-Loop Spider Networked Munition, Close Terrain Shaping Obstacles and legacy mines. Once in theater, the Evaluate the Weather Effects on Military Operations “The G-2/S-2 coordinates with the Air Force staff weather of-ficer to provide weather effects to support operations. pdf), Text File (. Troops and support available. Identifying key terrain is straightforward in kinetic conflict; key terrain in cyber operations is likewise critical, but less well understood. Definition of the term 'key terrain ' per official documentation of the United States Department of Defense. Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. Identifying and evaluating avenues of approach is essential for planning offensive and defensive Analysis of the natural terrain surrounding the urban area (observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment [OAKOC]). OAKOC is an extremely important tool and the standard reference to help leaders conceptualize terrain analysis in urban terrain. Commanders often use a reduced-force rehearsal to prepare key leaders for a full-dress rehearsal. Be prepared to justify WHY it is key. Answer & Explanation. Key terrain is any location or area of which the seizure, retention, or control affords a marked advantage to either combatant - this is the doctrinal answer, but it really depends of the types of forces involved and the mission of both sides. 16 History and Museum Divisions, p. •In some cases the key terrain provides a dramatic view that can be exploited during a staff ride. Using tools to find terrain features. The terrain-model rehearsal is the most popular rehearsal technique. The emergence of cyberspace, with characteristics unseen in any warfighting domain, challenge the concept’s When we conduct METT-TC, one of the most important components of our analysis is Terrain Analysis. cover and concealment. Key terrain examples include road intersections that connect with a force’s line of communication; a bridge over an unfordable river; or terrain that affords observation of the opposing force’s line of advance. database synchronization and replication between server nodes deployed in key areas, and advanced GIS analysis. Key terrain typically offers control of a local objective or an In military operations, understanding the terrain and weather conditions is crucial for effective planning and decision-making. The question of how to model cyber Military strategy depends on geography to a far greater degree than what is currently practiced or taught. This case study of the Daughters of Jacob Bridge is a lesson to all leaders, not to underestimate the value of key terrain. The leader positions the echelon main body within the main battle area where the leader wants to conduct the decisive operation. Its ability to employ anti-armor systems with devastating effect requires the armored force to gain control of the key terrain before it can maneuver. d. Then it discusses a description of the KOCOA stands for Key Terrain Observation and Fields of Fire, Cover and Concealment, Obstacles, Avenues of Approach. The few roads available may become key terrain, primarily when the desert floor cannot support wheeled vehicle traffic. (See figure 4-7. Hills are one of the most common terrain [] Military terrain analysis serves as a tool to examine a battle commander’s view of a battlefield and permits to hindcast some of the rationale for actions taken. Unfortunately for the Romans, Flaminius was as incapable of considering the terrain as Hannibal was adept at using it. Army regarding combat in dense urban terrain with subterranean elements. are drawn along terrain features easily recognizable on the ground, and are situated, if possible, so the key terrain features, avenues of approach, and river are wholly inclusive of the one unit. 1 Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (April 2018) As The military aspects of terrain are: 1) observation and<br /> fields of fire; 2) cover and concealment; 3) obstacles; 4) key terrain; 5) avenues of approach. • Military: Explores the military and/or paramilitary capabilities of all relevant actors (enemy, friendly, and neutral) in a given OE. Army has sustainment maritime vessels that use maritime control measures to direct actions by establishing responsibilities, preventing ships, units, or aircraft from impeding one another, In order to contribute on acquiring CSA, this paper addresses a major gap in the cyber defence state-of-the-art: the dynamic identification of Key Cyber Terrains (KCT) on a mission-centric context. observation and fields of fire. Key terrain is an identifiable characteristic whose seizure or retention affords a marked advantage to either combatant (ADP 3-90). Obstacles Avenues of Approach Key Terrain Observation and Key Terrain: Key terrain is any locality or area the seizure, retention, or control of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. Avenues of Approach An AoA is an air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path. This article appears in: December 2021. Part Two will cover Key and Identifying key terrain gives military planners, whether attacking or defending, a physical location upon which to focus their efforts. and Philippine Marines each, flown by Army Chinooks and Black Hawk helicopters, departed a naval base off the terrain, access key terrain in cyberspace, operate in a denied environment, efficiently use limited cyberspace assets, and pair operational requirements with cyberspace capabilities. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is DOD’s lead in research on terrain and the Army’s key to geospatially enabling mission planning and mission command, and is home Seizing key terrain takes longer than expected, especially in an urban environment. Heather Gregg argues that this represents a significant shift from traditional military mindsets, which focus on mass, maneuverability, and controlling key terrain. The favorite gripe of military professionals, even in military strategic positions, is that all the In military doctrine, key terrain refers to areas which, if seized, afford an advantage to an attacker or defender. trails. The OCOKA (Observation and Fields of Fire, Cover and Concealment, Obstacles, Key Terrain, and Avenues of Approach) framework provides a comprehensive approach to analyzing these factors and their impact on military operations. Terrain features play a crucial role in determining the success of military strategies and operations. The five major terrain features are: Hill, Ridge, Valley, Saddle, and Depression. Show where your allegiance truly lies and help lead your team to victory. 1-6) CLEAR - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance in an assigned area. Through its suite of publication platforms and This paper addresses a major gap in the cyber defence state-of-the-art: the dynamic identification of Key Cyber Terrains (KCT) on a mission-centric context and explores the dependency degrees among tasks and assets defined by commanders as part of the assessment criteria. KOCOA is defined as Key Terrain Observation and Fields of Fire, Cover and Concealment, Obstacles, Avenues of Approach somewhat frequently. key terrain (*) Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. ) Terrain analysis for a river crossing includes the following military aspects of terrain: observation, cover and concealment, obstacles, key terrain, and avenues of approach (OCOKA). (2 Terrain analysis, an integral part of the intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB), plays a key role in any military operation. IPOE is a detailed terrain analysis to identify key terrain. It discusses key terrain features like landforms, relief, slope, and vegetation that influence troop and equipment movement. The Army University Press is the Army’s entry point for cutting edge thought and discussion on topics important to the Army and national defense. They are shown by a solid line if currently On April 30, three combined littoral reconnaissance teams made up of roughly 30 U. ) Likely rates of movement for both forces. The military aspects of weather include visibility, wind, precipitation, cloud cover, temperature, and humidity. By Joe Lacdan, Army News Service July 18, 2017. Many military leaders of the past failed to consider the importance of key terrain. (Terrain that offers cover limits fields of Key Terrain is any locality or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant (JP 2-01. 160. Avenues of approach are routes that allow forces to move from one point to another. Not to get too technical, but this layer was created by brilliant people who realized the gaps in military SATCOM and the advantages of commercial SATCOM. Finally, these efforts often confused or misidentified key terrain with critical assets. When applied to geographic terrain, this definition is clear. For a combined arms rehearsal (CAR), a good terrain model is necessary to enhance collaboration and dialogue The United States Army Operations Manual defines key terrain as “any feature, locality, or area which affords a marked advantage to the combatant who controls it. To determine if key terrain applies in The concept of key terrain is a common fixture in military strategy and tactics. Rightside Media was created by Phil Williams, a former Alabama state senator, retired army Colonel, and practicing attorney An effort should be made to retain terrain that is key to future linkup, extraction, or breakout. In our west-to-east rotation, the BCT first had to gain control Terrain Model construction is an often undervalued step to enhance shared understanding of the mission. a level clearing in rough terrain which is the only accessible landing field for airmobile operations if you identify only one valid avenue of approach to the command’s objective, then the choke points on that avenue will probably become key terrain (compared to a situation where several AAs are available). Russian logistics are driven by filled a learning and training gap for the U. Key Terrain Cyber presents the ultimate Army Navy competition! The rivalry is heating up, and it's time to pick a side. The manual first discusses key terrain in the third step of the company commander’s Troop Leading Procedures (TLP Define key terrain. 19, 2019 Projections of naval power must overlay what I have termed “key maritime terrain,” an extension of the traditional maritime concept of chokepoints, to be successful. This includes all armed factions within the OE, to include hybrid threats Key Terrain. In the United States, military vocabulary is standardized by the Department of Abstract: In military doctrine, key terrain refers to areas which, if seized, afford an advantage to an attacker or defender. Military interest in terrain goes back to the earliest times. In the case of World War II-era battlefields, such terrain analysis has to take into account the Frequently they will be collocated and will become operational key terrain. Second, previous efforts omitted the planning concepts of objec-tive and mission, which are essential to identifying key terrain for a military operation. ”4 This limited scope of attention to the topic of cyber key terrain could have several explanations. usually aids in: concealment Although these features are not as important as the major terrain features, navigators can plan routes more successfully if they can identify all the terrain features their routes will cross over. It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA Key terrain is some terrain feature (natural or manmade) which, if controlled, will give a marked advantage to whoever controls it. This article seeks to incorporate elements of enemy analysis into terrain analysis and discuss terrain relative to the enemy and friendly action/reaction cycle. Key terrain is any locality or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant ( JP 1-02 ) . Q. for military planning and operations increases in par-allel. Greg Lindsay. Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, does not directly define cyber key terrain, but it does define key terrain. Army’s identity—seizing, holding and defending terrain is what armies do. weapons to engage canalized or constrained air or airborne forces. S. Key terrain will be a deciding factor in urban combat. 27. The emergence of cyberspace, with characteristics unseen in any warfighting domain, challenge the concept’s value. Draw-similar to a valley, except that it normally is a less developed stream course in which there is generally no level ground and, therefore 10 October 2011 ADP 3-0 1 This publication first discusses and defines unified land operations and the role of doctrine. However, it is not so cut and dried in FID or UW. The Army University Press – the US Army’s premier multimedia organization – focuses on advancing the ideas and insights military professionals need to lead and succeed. In some cases, a hardware device might be cyber key terrain. Areas that. than maximum aircraft service ceilings should also be considered key terrain. Key terrain varies by echelon. Practice Exercise Answer Key Feedback Lesson 7: IPB of Air Defense, Counter Air, and Air Operations Introduction - IT04620106 Part A - Battle Area Evaluation Figure 7-2. Pursued by the Romans, Hannibal led them down the valley by Lake Key Terrain Cyber is a professional journal dedicated to educating our readers about cyberspace warfare, influence operations, military communications, space operations, and intelligence. Ross, Ph. As platoon leader, you identify key terrain starting at the objective or main However, our lack of focus on defensive operations is a tremendous gap in our ability to retain key terrain. 3). What soldiers call “key terrain” is any piece of ground the seizure or retention of which will give a marked if not a decisive advantage to one side or the other. Share on Twitter; Share on Facebook Leaders at all levels must take time to study the map to determine what is and isn’t key terrain based on their mission, the enemy’s capabilities and the characteristics of the terrain itself. A Spanish Soldier assist Chadian forces during military operations in urban terrain, or MOUT, training during Exercise Flintlock 2019, Feb. obstacles. The concept of key terrain is a common fixture in military strategy and tactics. From hills to valleys, each type of terrain presents unique challenges and opportunities for army commanders. — The effects of the different components of OAKOC do not exist in a void. ” [19] Knowing cyber key terrain not only enables offensive maneuver also provides additional disruption to the enemy’s intrusion kill chain in As the name implies, cyber key terrain is key terrain in the cyberspace domain. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the objective area, and analyzing other aspects of key terrain. urban areas. This framework involved military aspects of terrain. a. One of the best tactical explanations for identifying key terrain can be found in Army Field Manual 3-21, The Infantry Rifle Company. The Germans launched an attack to retake Hill 203, and once they captured it they fought tenaciously to hold it because it The EMS is not just a technological backdrop but an integral component of modern military operations. The three minor terrain features are: Draw, Spur and Cliff. In other words, if you (or the enemy) were to physically occupy or control a specific area, you would retain a considerable advantage. Related Q&A. Solved by AI. For example, buildings and roads can provide cover and concealment for troops, while bridges and The focus on key terrain by the Russians, British, Germans, and Chinese armies is analyzed in the third The goal is to determine if these established armies analyze terrain and identify significant terrain features at the operational level of war. roads. The manual first discusses key terrain in The concept of “Key Cyber Terrain” has gained popularity within the Cyberspace Operations community. They provide a base for all intelligence operations, tactical decisions, and tactical operations. In natural terrain environments dominated by restrictive terrain features, high ground can be key terrain because it dominates an area with good observation and fields of fire. It may require developing a rehearsal plan mirroring the actual plan but fits the rehearsal terrain. Scouts can also identify key terrain along these avenues that must be seized in advance to facilitate the movement of the combined arms maneuver 15 Key Terrain Definition The United States Army Operations Manual (1986) defines key terrain as “any feature, locality, or area which affords a marked advantage to the combatant who controls it. It encompasses radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. Whether the terrain is used effectively to plan and execute military operations will surely have a bearing on the commander's success. Terrain underpins military engagement (Doyle and Bennet 2002). Avenues of Approach (AoA) Key Terrain change based on an operation's objectives and the capabilities of the unit carrying out the operation. KTC offers research fellowships to All of the remaining terrain within our immediate region is owned by sovereign nations with no guarantees of access to it. If this is not evidence enough that Little Round Top qualifies as key terrain then this excerpt from US Army FM 100-5 Operations, Pg 2-16 should clear it up Historical Perspective Product Manager Terrain Shaping Obstacles (PdM TSO) develops and manages systems and munitions that shape the battlefield by denying the enemy access to key terrain and restricting the enemy's ability to maneuver freely. They can include roads, trails, rivers, and open terrain. Key terrain applies during DA missions. 4- 28. Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 3-90, Offense and Defense, states, “The first aspect of the art of tactics is the creative and flexible application of the means PDF | Military terrain analysis serves as a tool to examine a battle commander’s view of a battlefield and permits to hindcast some of the rationale for | Find, read and cite all the research Army - fm5 33 - Terrain Analysis - Free ebook download as PDF File (. key terrain. When applied to geographic terrain, this defi Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. limit aircraft lateral movement, restrict air maneuver, or have elevations higher. Terrain-Model Rehearsal A-150. CDRUSCYBERCOM plans, executes, and assesses CO based on a strategy of persistent IPOE is a detailed terrain analysis to identify key terrain. This exercise is meant to be a roadmap showing how you would go about setting up a map, adding layers, doing The user can apply this data to their specific needs. The OPFOR understands how to use key terrain to dominate maneuver corridors. • The abstract nature of the concept of key terrain in virtual One of the best tactical explanations for identifying key terrain can be found in Army Field Manual 3-21, The Infantry Rifle Company. Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. Some of the land surrounding the various so-called maritime choke points would be important or key to retain. Army is the Nation’s principal land force organized, trained, and equipped for prompt and sustained combat on land. ) that can provide military advantage. Key terrain is physical in the sense of geographical locations that are decisive to maneuver, but it is also non-physical, such as a leader’s mental calculations of warfare or how information connects humans to the physical world. <br /> Key terrain affords a marked advantage to the combatant who seizes, retains, or controls<br /> it. Since the cyberspace consolidated as fifth warfare dimension, the different actors of . The term is used as an analogy to the more traditionally familiar concept of “Key Terrain” that is utilized by commander’s to The concept of key terrain is a common fixture in military strategy and tactics. ”8 Ensure continuous reconnaissance (instructor’s note): The cavalry squadron must ensure continuous The Army and the Army alone will make a determination as to which comments will be posted. Vertical LOS. Terrain and weather are the most important aspects. The emergence of cyberspace, with characteristics unseen in any warfighting domain, challenge the concept's value. deep rivers or streams. One might argue that terrain has been considered to be critical to any military operation. As the Army moves beyond the conventional support area, the enduring theme of stability from ATP 4-90 Key Terrain- ID and Determine: Key to FF, Why? Key to EN, Why? Observations and Fields of Fire – ID : General IV lines en route to OBJ Significant Deductions of IV lines and visibility for FF and EN on OBJ Cover and Concealment Deductions FF and EN Outputs: Battle POSN’s, SBFs, ABFs, EA’s, OBJ’s, (Examples include restrictive terrain, choke points, obstacles, terrain that naturally exposes a flank, and areas dominated by key terrain. This paper proposes a new approach to space key terrain, to align the term space key terrain with joint doctrine and better support commanders with actionable terrain analysis. Olivia Garrad writing in 2018, provided a framework for pinpointing Maritime Key Terrain. You must be able to recognize all the terrain features to locate a point on the ground or to navigate from one point to another. e. Riverine operations will be a part of future military actions and will be an Army problem. Attention was focused on the problem of selecting key terrain factors that were A TERAP is the result of an analysis of the Tactical Terrain Analysis Database, based upon a specific user request for information. The Roman Senate sent an army under Consul Flaminius to face him. Terrain Data. This work is a conceptual analysis that examines the applicability of leaders will have a better grasp of the terrain, the climate, civil considerations, and the enemy, and be able to ask questions and drive further planning. 246 n SECTION 3 Figure 3. Vicious fighting continued as both sides fought to control key terrain. Conclusions include at least the following: During the Military Decision Making Process, Key and Decisive Terrain needs to be identified. In this unit, you could be mentoring the future Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is echelon of How does key terrain apply to cyber operations and how can it be analyzed and exploited? This article explores the concept of cyber key terrain and its implications for cyber the concept of key terrain to virtual elements of cyberspace involves increasing degrees of abstraction and metaphor. Defending the Indo-Pacific’s key terrain poses unique challenges given the noncontiguous geography and nature of the threat, but it fundamentally requires the ability to deny the adversary use of key terrain. DoD Dictionary Conversion Calculators Military Alphabet Code makes no mention of the concept of “key terrain. perspective of a specific military mission, key terrain may exist in any or all five domains: land, mari-time, air, space, and cyber. (FM 3-90) also (ADRP 1-02 pg. It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. Military and Government; Link/Page Citation Abbreviation Database Surfer Cyber key terrain applies the same frameworks as physical terrain and understanding it is to know “those features that provide tactical advantage to someone attacking or defending a network. D. While conceptually simple Key Terrain. This exercise is meant to be a roadmap showing how you would go about setting up a map, adding layers, doing 3-15. Key terrain is defined as, “Any The U. Terrain data (or information) is raw data in any form about a segment of terrain. Today’s adversaries have studied how the U. We are looking for motivated and talented military professionals to join us in the pursuit of education and innovation in the information In planning for the security in the defense, the platoon leader considers the military aspects of terrain: observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles and cover, and concealment. (1) Observation and Fields of Fire . ridges. txt) or read book online for free. Key terrain is any location whose control is likely to give distinct military advantage to the force that holds it. Certain gateways have figured time and again in the history of Europe, and certain characteristics of terrain have spelled the difference between success and defeat in particular battles or campaigns. Throughout history terrain has played a ve-y important part in the outcome of the battles fought. The Turkish Fourth Army was attempting to concentrate their forces before reaching Damascus and deployed a strong rear guard to This is a two part series and is a collection of my personal experience on terrain analysis and LWD 5-1-4 The Military Appreciation Process (MAP). These flaws In military doctrine, key terrain refers to areas which, if seized, afford an advantage to an attacker or defender. Water sources are vital if a force cannot sustain long-distance resupply. Part B - Terrain Analysis Figure 7-3. Key Terrain and Decisive Terrain. This document provides guidance on analyzing terrain for military operations. Any references to commercial entities, products, services, or other non-governmental organizations or individuals that remain on the site are provided solely for the information of individuals using this page. Man-made structures can provide both opportunities and challenges for military operations. ). However, many These effects translate directly into conclusions applying to friendly or enemy COA. For example, a soldier could determine the key features within their operational area, such as a mosque or other cultural sites, and the area extent of "residential" built-up What makes key terrain key terrain is the context of the feature in relation to mission and objectives. Oblique LOS (ground). This election will not be decided by the broader base from either side, but rather by those who are still making up their minds. Identifying key terrain gives military planners, whether attacking or defending, a physical location upon which to focus their efforts. provides advantage to unit that holds it. The RF transport layer supports high-bandwidth, military and commercial SATCOM and low-bandwidth waveforms such as ANW2 [Adaptive Networking Wideband Waveform]. Key Terrain Cyber is dedicated to the professional development of our cyber workforce and information warfare Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain. The sequence used to analyze the military aspects The key terrain is the hearts and minds of the 8% of voters who just aren’t sure yet. During peacetime, terrain analysts build extensive data bases for each potential area of operations. They will affect all services and other departments, bureaus, and agencies of government. The leader builds the decisive operation around identified decisive points, such as key terrain or high-payoff targets. Therefore, it is often selected as a decisive point and a tactical-level or In military doctrine, key terrain refers to areas which, if seized, afford an advantage to an attacker or defender. In military terms, terrain is an area of ground whether large or small whose physical features armies since the region is a key Decisive key terrain is the ancient walled fortress known as the Citadel north of the Perfume River. The Army should make a deliberate effort to address this gap, re-emphasizing the defense in training and doctrine and conducting defensive operations at combat training centers, in order to ensure we can defeat a numerically superior the effect of terrain on military operations 8420011_CH05_03_p244-265:8420011_CH05_03_p240-261-7 8/3/08 10:14 PM Page 245. By definition, dominance of key terrain is likely The concept of “Key Cyber Terrain” has gained popularity within the Cyberspace Operations community. First Army was chewed up in the Hürtgen Forest where it had to contend with counterattacks by the Germans. The perimeter line takes advantage of terrain and obstacles while ensuring that the defense The focus on key terrain by the Russians, British, Germans, and Chinese armies is analyzed in the third section. Mission requirements and the commander's intent determine ARSOF selection criteria for key terrain. Terrain analysis is a vital aspect of military operations, helping army personnel to understand and navigate the physical landscape in which they are operating. ” [11] Key Terrain Cyber is launching its inaugural class of Corporal Garrett Jones research fellows. The joint force must have the ability to quickly and efficiently respond to cyber-attacks. No by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (d) Materiel for constructing the model includes string, yarn (various colors), chalk (colored Example Symbol: Key Terrain. Understanding these features and their impact on strategy is essential for achieving victory on the battlefield. The term is used as an analogy to the more traditionally familiar concept of “Key Terrain” that is utilized by commander’s to identify physical terrain features (hills, mountains, choke points, etc. draws. Key maritime terrain is any maritime area whose seizure, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Time, Mission, Terrain, Civil, Enemy, Troops, Obstacles, Avenues of approach, Key Terrain, Observation & Fields of fire, Cover & Concealment, OAKOC and more. (FM 3 Key Terrain. They won’t be just the Navy’s, Army’s, Air Force’s, or Marine Corps’ problem. Joint Force prefers control key terrain, defeat enemy forces, and consolidate gains. Key terrain might the Army. Terrain that may not give a marked advantage to a battalion might be key for a company. A terrain template is the combination of terrain factor overlays integrated with the effects of weather. 17 MCDEC, USMC, Military Operations on The military aspects of terrain include observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment . The metaphorical In military doctrine, key terrain refers to areas which, if seized, afford an advantage to an attacker or defender. He uses his map to identify terrain that will protect the platoon from enemy observation and fires, while providing observation and The Focșani Gate - a Key Terrain for European Security The Focșani Gate - a Key Terrain for European Security December 2019 Foreword The study you are about to read (the authors being in great debt for the time and effort you are going to spend) is about military geography and military training of, and in, an area of the greatest Utilizing Key Terrain for a Dramatic View •Military operations and staff ride predominantly share the same key terrain. It must also plan and execute key terrain in competition and seize, hold, and defend land areas in combat. civilian populace to identify and seize key terrain, confirm or deny enemy composition, disposition, strength and courses of action, and provides reaction time and maneuver space for unpredicted enemy actions. 1 The Battle of Fredericksburg acronym OAKOC to stand for the key aspects of terrain analysis: Observation and fields of fire, Avenues of approach, Key and decisive terrain, Obstacles, Key Terrain and Decisive Terrain Key Terrain is any ground that must be controlled in order to achieve military success. By taking into account the characteristics of the terrain – such as elevation, vegetation, and soil type – commanders can make informed decisions about troop movements, defensive positions, and potential areas [] Lesson 6. The Vulnerability of Key Cyber Terrain Understanding and recognizing key cyber terrain, though critical, does not provide everything the JFC needs to preserve and protect military cyber power. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Pamphlet (TP) 525-3-3, The U. Smart Cities will become the status quo operat-ing environment for urban military operations of the considered key terrain rather than on how to identify key terrain in a contex-tual manner. During peacetime, terrain analysts build extensive data bases for each potential area of operations. Each time you identify Key Terrain, the method you use will be a little different. Key Terrain Cyber is Identifying key terrain is important so units can place their SBF positions in areas that deny the enemy the ability to use the terrain to maneuver on the SBF element. One of the effects of the diminished attention to military strategy as warmaking has been to focus the efforts of military strategists on crafting or sorting out objectives. of locating paints on a map, and the legend, which is the key to the map. Key Terrain 1, Decisive Terrain 1, etc. ugh zkuz drsh cvfpnc zvgovy bgyb sxuwi obxm mwmjag wvzmukg